Challenges of Open Design
from theory to practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29147/dat.v3i2.96Keywords:
Open Design., Open Source Hardware, Open Innovation, Practice-as-ResearchAbstract
In recent years, a growing variety of new Open Design (OD) projects, communities and businesses has emerged. OD benefits are often associated with design processes democratization, faster innovation and improvement of artefacts design, mass customization and an alternative to traditional businesses models. Three examples were selected from the author’s doctoral thesis analysis to explore the applicability of existing OD projects in the field of architecture and urban design. Four principles were considered: transparency, accessibility, replicability and modularity. Our findings show that although democratization is considered a key-word to OD, its use is still dependent on technologies not easily available for communities in developing countries
Downloads
References
Afuah, Allan, and Christopher L. Tucci. 2012. ‘Crowdsourcing as a Solution to Distant Search’. Academy of Management Review 37 (3): 355–75. doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0146.
Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, Murray Silverstein, Max Jacobson, Ingrid Fiksdahl-King, and Shlomo Angel. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford university press.
Arku, F., S. Omari, B. Adu-Okoree, and A. Abduramane. 2015. ‘Harvested Rainwater: Quality, Adequacy, and Proximity in Ghanaian Rural Communities’. Development in Practice 25 (8). Taylor & Francis: 1160–69. doi:10.1080/09614524.2015.1081676.
Avgeriou, Paris, Andreas Papasalouros, Symeon Retalis, and Manolis Skordalakis. 2003. ‘Towards a Pattern
Language for Learning Management Systems’. Educational Technology & Society 6 (2). JSTOR: 11–24.
Balka, Kerstin, 2011. Open Source Product Development: The Meaning and Relevance of Openness. Doctoral
dissertation. Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
Barrett, Estelle, and Barbara Bolt. 2014. Practice as Research: Approaches to Creative Arts Enquiry. Ib Tauris.
Boisseau, Étienne, Jean-François Omhover, and Carole
Bouchard. 2018. ‘Open-Design: A State of the Art Review’. Design Science 4. Cambridge University Press.
Bonaccorsi, Andrea, and Cristina Rossi. 2003. ‘Why Open Source Software Can Succeed’. Research Policy 32
(7). Elsevier: 1243–58.
Bonvoisin, Jérémy. 2016. ‘Implications of Open Source Design for Sustainability’. In Sustainable Design and
Manufacturing 2016, 49–59. Springer.
Burt, M, and B Keiru. 2009. ‘Innovative Rainwater Harvesting Techniques for Emergencies: Lessons
from the Field’. In Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Sustainable Development and Multisectoral Approaches - Proceedings of the 34th WEDC International Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Coplien, James O, Douglas C Schmidt, and John M Vlissides. 1995. Pattern Languages of Program Design. Vol. 58. Addison-Wesley Reading, MA.
Gamma, Erich, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides. 1993. ‘Design Patterns: Abstraction nd Reuse of Object-Oriented Design’. In European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, 406–31. Springer: 406-431.
Hippel, Eric von. 2005. Democratizing Innovation-The MIT Press (2005).Pdf. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hippel, Eric von, and Georg von Krogh. 2003. ‘Open Source Software and the “Private-Collective” Innovation
Model: Issues for Organization Science’. Organization Science 14 (2): 209–23. doi:10.1287/orsc.14.2.209.14992.
Hyysalo, Sampsa, Cindy Kohtala, Pia Helminen, Samuli Mäkinen, Virve Miettinen, and Lotta Muurinen. 2014. ‘Collaborative Futuring with and by Makers’. CoDesign 10 (3–4). Taylor & Francis: 209–28.
Katz, Andrew. 2011. ‘Authors and Owners’. In Open Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive, edited
by Bas van Abel, Roel Klaassen, Lucas Evers, and Peter Troxler, 45:264–67. Amsterdam: Bis Publishers.
http://opendesignnow.org/index.html%3Fp=407.html.
Kohtala, Cindy. 2015. ‘Addressing Sustainability in Research on Distributed Production: An Integrated
Literature Review’. Journal of Cleaner Production 106. Elsevier: 654–68.
Kwon, Bo-Ram, and Junyeong Lee. 2017. ‘What Makes a Maker: The Motivation for the Maker Movement
in ICT’. Information Technology for Development 0 (0). Taylor & Francis: 1–18. doi:10.1080/02681102.2016.1
Lakhani, Karim R, and Jill A Panetta. 2007. ‘The Principles of Distributed Innovation’. Innovations: Technology,
Governance, Globalization 2 (3). MIT Press: 97–112.
Laplume, Andre, Gerald C. Anzalone, and Joshua M. Pearce. 2016. ‘Open-Source, Self-Replicating 3-D Printer
Factory for Small-Business Manufacturing’. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
(1–4). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology: 633–42.
Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. 2001. ‘The Open Source Movement: Key Research Questions’. European Economic
Review 45 (4–6): 819–26.
Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. 2005. ‘The Economics of Technology Sharing: Open Source and Beyond’. Journal of Economic Perspectives 19 (2): 99–120.
Mari, Enzo. 1974. Proposta per Un’autoprogettazione. Simon International.
Murdock, Graham. 2004. ‘Building the Digital Commons: Public Broadcasting in the Age of the Internet’. Graham Spry Lecture, no. November: 1–20. https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/type/www/116/Theory_Other-
Texts/Theory/Murdock_BuildingDigitalCommons.pdf.
Mwenge Kahinda, Jean-marc, Akpofure E. Taigbenu, and Jean R. Boroto. 2007. ‘Domestic Rainwater Harvesting
to Improve Water Supply in Rural South Africa’.
(OKFN), Open Knowledge Foundation. 2012. ‘No Title’. The Open Design Definition v. 0.5. https://github.
com/OpenDesign-WorkingGroup/Open-Design-Definition/blob/master/open.design_definition/open.
design.definition.md. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32 (15–18): 1050–57.
Narduzzo, Alessandro, and Alessandro Rossi. 2008. ‘Modularity in Action: GNU/Linux and Free/Open
Source Software Development Model Unleashed’. Department of Computer and Management Sciences,
University of Trento, Italy.
Nascimento, Susana. 2014. ‘Critical Notions of Technology and the Promises of Empowerment in Shared
Machine Shops’. Journal of Peer Production, no. 5.
Nielsen, Kjeld, Kaj Asbjørn Jørgensen, Stig B Taps, and Thomas Ditlev Petersen. 2011. ‘Supporting Sustainability
and Personalization with Product Architecture’. In MCPC 2011 World Conference on Mass Customization
and Personalization.
Raasch, Christina, Cornelius Herstatt, and Kerstin Balka. 2009. ‘On the Open Design of Tangible Goods’.
R and D Management 39 (4): 382–93. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00567.x.
Roberts, Jeffrey A, Il-horn Hann, and Sandra A Slaughter. 2016. ‘Understanding the Motivations, Participation, and Performance of Open Source Software Developers: A Longitudinal Study of the Apache Projects’ 52 (7): 984–99.
Saebi, Tina, and Nicolai J. Foss. 2015. ‘Business Models for Open Innovation: Matching Heterogeneous Open
Innovation Strategies with Business Model Dimensions’. European Management Journal 33 (3). Elsevier
Ltd: 201–13.
Sawhney, Mohanbir, Gianmario Verona, and Emanuela Prandelli. 2005. ‘Collaborating to Create: The
Internet as a Platform for Customer Engagement in Product Innovation’. Journal of Interactive Marketing 19
(4). Wiley Online Library: 4–17.
Shah, Sonali K. 2008. ‘Open Beyond Software’. In Open Sources 2.0, edited by Mark Cooper, Danese. DiBona, Chris. Stone, 1st ed., 1–28. Sebastopol.
Sharma, Srinarayan, Vijayan Sugumaran, and Balaji Rajagopalan. 2002. ‘A Framework for Creating HybridOpen
Source Software Communities’. Information Systems Journal 12 (1). Wiley Online Library: 7–25.
Smith, Hazel, and Roger Dean. 2009. Practice-Led Research, Research-Led Practice in the Creative Arts. Edinburgh University Press.
Vallance, R, S Kiani, and S Nayfeh. 2001. ‘Open Design of Manufacturing Equipment’. In Proceedings of the
CHIRP 1st International Conference on Agile, Reconfigurable Manufacturing: 33–43.
West, Joel, and Siobhán O’mahony. 2008. ‘The Role of Participation Architecture in Growing Sponsored
Open Source Communities’. Industry and Innovation 15 (2). Taylor & Francis: 145–68.
Wiley, David. 1998. ‘Open Content Definition’. Open Content. http://www.opencontent.org/definition/.